Strings aur Template Literals

String bas text hota hai, aur JavaScript ise characters ki ek sequence ki tarah treat karta hai — aap isme index kar sakte ho aur array ki tarah hi substrings nikal sakte ho.

let greeting = "Hello, World!";
console.log(greeting[0]);
console.log(greeting.slice(7, 12));
console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
console.log(greeting.length);

H
World
HELLO, WORLD!
13

• greeting[0] index 0 par jo character hai woh deta hai — JavaScript 0 se index karta hai, bilkul Python ki tarah
• greeting.slice(7, 12) ek slice hai — index 7 se lekar (including nahi) index 12 tak ke characters
• toUpperCase() ek naya string return karta hai, original ko change nahi karta
• length ek property hai, function nahi — koi parentheses nahi, Python ke len(greeting) ke ulat

Template literals — text banane ka modern tarika

Aapko baar baar variables ko fixed text ke saath combine karna padega. Template literals (backticks mein wrapped strings) aapko ${...} use karke variable ko seedhe string mein daalne dete hain, + se pieces ko clumsily jodne ke bajaye.

let name = "Abhimanyu";
let age = 25;
console.log(`My name is ${name} and I am ${age} years old.`);

My name is Abhimanyu and I am 25 years old.

Aage: arrays — JavaScript mein values ki ordered collection store karne ka tarika.