Structs

Ek struct related values ko ek naam wale type ke neeche saath mein group karta hai. Ek tuple ke bar-aks, har field ka ek naam hota hai, jo use create aur istemal karne wale code ko self-documenting bana deta hai.

struct Person {
    name: String,
    age: u32,
}

fn main() {
    let alice = Person {
        name: String::from("Alice"),
        age: 30,
    };

    println!("{} is {} years old", alice.name, alice.age);
}

Alice is 30 years old

impl ke sath methods

Ek impl block ek struct mein functions attach karta hai. Jo method &self leta hai woh us instance ko borrow karta hai jis par usko call kiya gaya hai, uske fields ko uski ownership liye baghair parhta hai — neeche rect.area(), rect ko consume kiye baghair width aur height parhta hai.

struct Rectangle {
    width: u32,
    height: u32,
}

impl Rectangle {
    fn area(&self) -> u32 {
        self.width * self.height
    }
}

fn main() {
    let rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };
    println!("Area: {}", rect.area());
}

Area: 50

Aage: enums aur pattern matching — ek aisi value represent karna jo kai alag variants mein se ek ho, aur match ki yeh guarantee ke aapne har ek ko handle kiya hai.