Control Flow

if/else waise hi kaam karta hai jaisa aap kisi bhi C-family language se expect karenge — parentheses mein ek condition, uske baad ek block.

main.cpp

Khud try karo →

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int number = 7;
    if (number % 2 == 0) {
        cout << number << " is even" << endl;
    } else {
        cout << number << " is odd" << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

7 is odd

for aur while

Ek classic for loop apne header mein ek index, ek condition, aur ek increment, teenon declare karta hai. while bas tab tak repeat karta hai jab tak uski condition true rahe, bina kisi built-in index ke.

main.cpp

Khud try karo →

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        cout << "i = " << i << endl;
    }

    int count = 0;
    while (count < 3) {
        cout << "count = " << count << endl;
        count++;
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

i = 0
i = 1
i = 2
count = 0
count = 1
count = 2

switch

switch ek value ko constant cases ki ek series se compare karta hai, aur break na karne par agle case mein fall through kar jaata hai. default us cheez ko catch karta hai jo upar match nahi hui.

main.cpp

Khud try karo →

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int day = 3;
    switch (day) {
        case 1:
            cout << "Monday" << endl;
            break;
        case 3:
            cout << "Wednesday" << endl;
            break;
        default:
            cout << "Unknown" << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

Wednesday

Aage: arrays aur vectors — C++ ke fixed-size arrays versus STL ka growable std::vector.

Practice exercise

Ek variable score: int = 73 set karein. Ek ternary expression istemal kar ke ek variable grade ko "pass" set karein agar score 60 ya us se zyada ho, warna "fail", phir grade print karein.

← Functions aur Overloading Arrays aur Vectors →