C++ Ka Taaruf
C++ ek compiled, statically typed systems programming language hai jisme koi garbage collector nahi hai. Iski guiding philosophy hai 'zero-cost abstractions': jo high-level features aap istemal karte hain — classes, templates, exceptions — woh is tarah design kiye gaye hain ke runtime par unka koi extra cost na ho, equivalent hand-written low-level code se zyada.
Rust ke bar-aks, jo compile time par ek borrow checker ke through memory safety enforce karta hai, C++ aapko raw mechanism deta hai — pointers, manual allocation — aur resources ko safely manage karne ke liye RAII (is course mein baad mein cover hoga) jaisi conventions par inhisar karta hai. Yeh tradeoff C++ ko samajhne ke liye central hai: yeh programmer ko zyada power aur zyada responsibility, dono deta hai.
Ek jaldi si jhalak
Yeh raha ek real C++ program, jo is page ke apne compiler par waqai chala hai — koi mockup nahi:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string message = "Hello from C++!";
cout << message << endl;
return 0;
}Hello from C++!
Bas itna hi — ek string variable, jo cout se print kiya gaya. Agla lesson aapka pehla poora program chalata hai aur theek se samjhaata hai ke kya ho raha hai.
Practice exercise
Ek variable version naam ka banayein, jiska type int ho aur value 17 ho, phir "C++ version: " ke baad version print karein cout ka istemal kar ke.