Classes aur Objects

Class ek blueprint hai objects banane ke liye jo data (attributes) ko un functions (methods) ke saath bundle karta hai jo us data par kaam karte hain. Dog class se banaya gaya har dog same structure share karta hai, lekin apni khud ki values rakhta hai.

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def bark(self):
        return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

my_dog = Dog("Rex", 3)
print(my_dog.name)
print(my_dog.bark())

Rex
Rex says Woof!

• __init__ apne aap run hota hai jab aap ek naya object banate ho — yahin object ka starting data set up hota hai
• self us specific object ko refer karta hai jis par method call ho raha hai — yeh hamesha method ka pehla parameter hota hai
• self.name = name value ko ek attribute ke roop mein store karta hai, taaki is object ke har method baad mein use access kar sake
• Dog("Rex", 3) Dog class ka ek actual object (ek "instance") banata hai

Aap same class se jitne chahe utne dogs bana sakte ho — Dog("Bella", 5), Dog("Max", 1) — har ek apna naam aur age independently rakhega.

Aage: modules — sab kuch scratch se likhne ke bajaye Python ki standard library use karna.