List Comprehensions

List comprehension ek naya list banata hai, describe karke ki har item kya banna chahiye, ek hi readable line mein. Zyada tar Python developers isko lambda ke saath map()/filter() ke bajaye use karte hain — yeh zyada idiomatic mana jaata hai aur syntax ki aadat ho jaane ke baad zyada readable bhi.

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared = [x * x for x in numbers]
print(squared)

evens = [x for x in numbers if x % 2 == 0]
print(evens)

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
[2, 4]

[x * x for x in numbers] almost English jaisa hi padhta hai: "x times x, numbers ke har x ke liye." End mein if x % 2 == 0 add karne se filter ho jaata hai ki kaun se items include honge — yeh bilkul wahi result hai jo pichhle lesson ke map()/filter() example ka tha, us form mein jo zyada tar Python code actually use karta hai.

Aage: exception handling — apne program ko crash hone dene ke bajaye errors ko gracefully handle karna.