Classes aur Objects

Class ek naqsha hai objects banane ke liye jo data (attributes) ko un functions (methods) ke sath jorta hai jo us data par kaam karte hain. Dog class se banaya gaya har dog same structure share karta hai, lekin apni khud ki values rakhta hai.

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def bark(self):
        return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

my_dog = Dog("Rex", 3)
print(my_dog.name)
print(my_dog.bark())

Rex
Rex says Woof!

• __init__ khud ba khud chalta hai jab aap ek naya object banate hain — yahin object ka shuruati data set up hota hai
• self us khaas object ki taraf ishara karta hai jis par method call ho raha hai — yeh hamesha method ka pehla parameter hota hai
• self.name = name value ko ek attribute ke tor par store karta hai, taake is object ke har method baad mein use hasil kar sake
• Dog("Rex", 3) Dog class ka ek asal object (ek "instance") banata hai

Aap same class se jitne chahe utne dogs bana sakte hain — Dog("Bella", 5), Dog("Max", 1) — har ek apna naam aur age alag alag rakhega.

Aage: modules — sab kuch shuru se likhne ke bajaye Python ki standard library istemal karna.