Dictionaries

Dictionary key-value pairs store karti hai — kisi cheez ko list ki tarah position se dhoondne ke bajaye, aap use ek aise naam se dhoondte hain jo aap ne khud chuna. Yeh Python ka woh version hai jise dosri languages hash map ya associative array kehti hain.

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "NYC"}
print(person)
print(person["name"])

person["age"] = 31
print(person)

person["email"] = "alice@example.com"
print(person)

print(person.keys())
print(person.values())

{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'NYC'}
Alice
{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 31, 'city': 'NYC'}
{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 31, 'city': 'NYC', 'email': 'alice@example.com'}
dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city', 'email'])
dict_values(['Alice', 31, 'NYC', 'alice@example.com'])

• person["name"] "name" key ke andar store ki gayi value ko parhta hai
• Maujooda key ko assign karne se uski value update hoti hai; nayi key ko assign karne se woh add ho jaati hai — dono ke liye same syntax istemal hota hai
• .keys() aur .values() aapko har key ya har value dete hain, insertion order mein

Aage: sets — ek collection jo duplicates ko khud ba khud hata deti hai aur asal mathematical set operations support karti hai.